![]() We used mist nets to obtain samples of understory bird food contents to identify the plant species consumed and dispersed by them. Also, our sampled sites were distributed in two regions with contrasting land cover changes. Here we evaluated how landscape predictors (forest cover, total core area, edge density, inter-patch isolation) and local characteristics (fruit availability, vegetation complexity) affected understory birds seed-dispersal networks in 19 forest fragments along the hyperdiverse but highly depauperate northeast distribution of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. However, whether the interactions performed by the persisting species are also modified, and how it scales up to the network level throughout the landscape are virtually unknown in most tropical hotspots of biodiversity. In general, sensitive species are lost while species adapted to disturbances succeed in altered environments. This is mainly due to the conversion of continuous forests into forest fragments surrounded by anthropogenic matrices. Global biodiversity is threatened by land-use changes through human activities. ![]() 3Department of Biodiversity, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, Brazil.2Department of Botany, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.1Applied Ecology and Conservation Lab, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil.Ícaro Menezes Pinto 1* Carine Emer 2,3 Eliana Cazetta 1 José Carlos Morante-Filho 1*
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